Because of their early appearance and abundant expression, the roles the galactolipids play during the myelination process has been the subject of numerous studies (reviewed in Dupree et al., 1998a). An array of cell culture studies have suggested that the myelin galactolipids play key roles in the developmental progression of myelinating glia.

Förlusten av myelin avbryter normal överföring av nervimpulser. accumulation of galactolipids such as GALACTOSYLCERAMIDES and PSYCHOSINE.

In this study, we have tested for the possibility that MAG and myelin galactolipids function similarly in mediating early stages of myelination. Previous experiments, mainly cell culture based, have employed biochemical strategies to determine that MAG and the galactolipids are critical early mediators of myelin formation ( Dupree et al., 1998c ; Schachner and Bartsch, 2000 ). Martínez M. The developmental lipid profiles in the human cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem are presented, with special reference to galactolipids as myelin markers to trace myelination in the three main parts of the human CNS. A group of undernourished children were also studied to test the vulnerability of myelinogenesis in the different The galactolipids galactocerebroside and sulfatide and the proteolipid protein (PLP) and its splice variant DM20 are the most abundant lipid and protein components of central nervous system myelin. Recent studies have found that mice lacking either the galactolipids or PLP are able to form myelin sheaths with apparently normal periodicity and near normal compaction.

Galactolipids in myelination

by genetic mutations in enzymes necessary for myelin production. Improving our understanding of nerve cell myelination and remyelination in both animal models and humans may to improve treatment for demyelinating An emerging concept in neuroscience is that neural plasticity is not mediated only by neurons, but also through dynamic interactions of neurons and glial cells. Among the most abundant components of myelin are the galactolipids galactocerebroside (GalC) and sulfatide. In spite of this abundance, the roles that these Both viral and myelin antigens were detected, however it is unknown whether trial of tolerance therapy using galactolipids structurally very similar to the myelin Galactolipids containing the phytohormone 12-oxo-phytodienoic (OPDA), also delimit the occurrence of OPDA-containing and acylated galactolipids in the (phospholipids and gangliosides) and myelin (monogalactosyl glycolipids) lipids. Förlusten av myelin avbryter normal överföring av nervimpulser. accumulation of galactolipids such as GALACTOSYLCERAMIDES and PSYCHOSINE. Galactolipid deficiency in the early pathogenesis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis model Cln8(mnd) : implications to delayed myelination and oligodendrocyte Galaktolipid - Galactolipid (tillsammans med en liten grupp av proteiner) i myelin , membranet runt axoner i nervsystemet av vertebrater .

Coetzee T., Suzuki K., Nave K.A., Popko B. The galactolipids galactocerebroside and sulfatide and the proteolipid protein (PLP) and its splice variant DM20 are the most abundant lipid and protein components of central nervous system myelin.

1984-11-01

We recently reported that fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H), encoded by the FA2H gene, is the major fatty acid 2-hydroxylase in the mouse brain. In this report, we show that FA2H also plays a major Myelin in the mammalian nervous system has a high concentration of galactolipids [galactosylceramide (GalCer) and sulfatide] with 2-hydroxy fatty acids.

2002-12-19 · The galactolipids also appear to facilitate the maturation of both oligodendrocytes and myelinated fibers, suggesting that they process developmental signals during myelination. These specialized glycolipids are also necessary for the normal development of axo–glial interactions at nodes of Ranvier.

The single-mutant mice produce abnormal myelin containing similar ultrastructural abnormalities, suggesting that these molecules may play an overlapping role in myelin formation. Furthermore, the absence of the galactolipids bodies raised against GalC inhibit myelination in vitro and in vivo31–34. Although these studies suggest a role for GalC in axoglial interactions, the nature of these interactions remains to be determined.

Recent studies have found that mice lacking either the galactolipids or PLP are able to form myelin sheaths with apparently normal periodicity and near normal compaction. Here, we have generated To investigate further factors involved in regulating myelino‐genesis in these mice, we have focused on the synthesis of cerebrosides and sulfatides, galactolipids enriched in myelin. Brain slices from 14‐, 17‐, and 21‐day‐old D2, B6, and F., mice were incubated with [ 3 H]galactose and [ 35 S]sulfate. Approximately 70% of the dry weight of myelin is lipid, with the galactolipid galactocerebroside (GalC) and its sulfated derivative sulfatide encompassing about one-third of the lipid mass (reviewed by Norton and Cammer, 1984). Myelination in the absence of galactolipids and proteolipid proteins.
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We recently reported that fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H), encoded by the FA2H gene, is the major fatty acid 2-hydroxylase in the mouse brain. In this report, we show that FA2H also plays a major transition of galactolipid molecular species during myelin- In both CNS and PNS, 2-hydroxy fatty acid contents in ation are likely achieved by the coordinated regulation of galactolipids are very low at the onset of myelination and specific Elovl gene(s) and Lass/CerS gene(s) along with FA2H. increase rapidly during developmental myelination. CHANGES DURING EARLY MYELINATION 189 These two measures (Figs. 3 and 4) show very similar developmental profiles in the forebrain as well as in the cerebellum, indicating their value as myelin markers.

Galactosylceramide (GalCer) and sulfatide make up approximately 30% of total myelin lipids, and more than half of these galactolipids contain fatty acid with a hydroxyl group at the C2 position (2-OH … Galactolipid synthesis was measured through enzyme activity and real‐time mRNA expression analyses. Based on the findings, myelination and white matter integrity were studied by immunohistochemistry, stereological methods, electron microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. The results indicate that the increased accumulation of myelin galactolipids previously reported in the F1 mice is partially due to enhanced synthetic activity.", keywords = "Galactolipid synthesis, Heterosis for myelin content, Myelination", (1996). Myelination in the absence of galactocerebroside and sulfatide: normal structure with abnormal function and regional instability.
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sulfatide (en sulfaterade galactolipid) erkänns den O4 antikropp 12, myelinet förknippas glykoprotein (MAG) och myelin oligodendrocyte

Recent studies have found that mice lacking either the galactolipids or PLP are able to form myelin sheaths with apparently normal periodicity and near normal compaction. 2002-12-19 · The galactolipids also appear to facilitate the maturation of both oligodendrocytes and myelinated fibers, suggesting that they process developmental signals during myelination. These specialized glycolipids are also necessary for the normal development of axo–glial interactions at nodes of Ranvier. The abnormal myelin structures present in the mutant animals are consistent with the possibility that the galactolipids play a role in regulating or mediating proper axo-glial interactions.